Hamlet is Not the Protagonist Essay -- Essays on Shakespeare Hamlet

village is Not the Protagonist Upon reading village or watching a rendition of the great Shakespearean tragedy, the casual audience member might be tempted to view the character Hamlet as the virtuous individual who encounters wo because of a tragic mistake. This is after all, the formula for any modern tragedy. In fact, the assumption is accurate with one exception. Hamlet is not a virtuous individual. term the play revolves around Hamlet, Hamlet is not the protagonist. Rather, he is like the main characters in The Day of the Jackal or Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid in that he is really the antagonist or contra vida with which the audience finds itself sympathizing. This is most clearly evidenced in the ease with which Hamlet is able to kill innocent characters and subsequently cut off his actions. Examples of this are the beat he kills Polonius and then lightheartedly criticizes himself for killing the wrong person and the time he sends his innocent childhood friend s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to their deaths because their disloyalty displeased him. In addition, Hamlet alike dismisses the death of his love, Ophelia, when she drowns in the river. The reason Hamlet is this way is that he has lost reliance in humanity as G. Wilson Knight puts it, He has seen through humanity. He sees the reality of the world to be that evil rules. Because of this, Hamlet becomes a cynic, in that he is critical of the motives of others. One example of this is the time when Hamlet scoffs at Laertes surface of grief for the death of Ophelia as he dives in the grave after him. He does not believe that the sentiments expressed by Laertes are sincere. For these reasons, Hamlets inhuman cynic... ...audius is guilty. Although Hamlet is evidently the main character of the play, he is not the protagonist that one would expect. He shifts to the dark side when he vows to avenge the death of his father. Hamlet had a tragic flaw, his inability to act when it was mos t important for him. However, it was not because of this tragic flaw that he encountered grief. His flaw only brought him death. Without it, he would still be a miserable, slightly insane cynic unable to find happiness. While Hamlet is obviously a tragedy, Shakespeare did not follow the tragic formula exactly. Perhaps this is wherefore the play is so popular and is considered his greatest work. Works Cited Knight, G. Wilson. The Embassy of Death. The Wheel of Fire. London Methuen & Co., 1954. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. brisk York The Folger Shakespeare Library, 1992. Hamlet is Not the Protagonist Essay -- Essays on Shakespeare HamletHamlet is Not the Protagonist Upon reading Hamlet or watching a rendition of the great Shakespearean tragedy, the casual audience member might be tempted to view the character Hamlet as the virtuous individual who encounters grief because of a tragic flaw. This is after all, the formula for any modern tragedy. In fact, the presumpt ion is accurate with one exception. Hamlet is not a virtuous individual. While the play revolves around Hamlet, Hamlet is not the protagonist. Rather, he is like the main characters in The Day of the Jackal or Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid in that he is really the antagonist or contra vida with which the audience finds itself sympathizing. This is most clearly evidenced in the ease with which Hamlet is able to kill innocent characters and subsequently disregard his actions. Examples of this are the time he kills Polonius and then lightheartedly criticizes himself for killing the wrong person and the time he sends his innocent childhood friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to their deaths because their disloyalty displeased him. In addition, Hamlet also dismisses the death of his love, Ophelia, when she drowns in the river. The reason Hamlet is this way is that he has lost faith in humanity as G. Wilson Knight puts it, He has seen through humanity. He sees the reality of the world to be that evil rules. Because of this, Hamlet becomes a cynic, in that he is critical of the motives of others. One example of this is the time when Hamlet scoffs at Laertes show of grief for the death of Ophelia as he dives in the grave after him. He does not believe that the sentiments expressed by Laertes are sincere. For these reasons, Hamlets inhuman cynic... ...audius is guilty. Although Hamlet is obviously the main character of the play, he is not the protagonist that one would expect. He shifts to the dark side when he vows to avenge the death of his father. Hamlet had a tragic flaw, his inability to act when it was most important for him. However, it was not because of this tragic flaw that he encountered grief. His flaw only brought him death. Without it, he would still be a miserable, slightly insane cynic unable to find happiness. While Hamlet is obviously a tragedy, Shakespeare did not follow the tragic formula exactly. Perhaps this is why the play is so popu lar and is considered his greatest work. Works Cited Knight, G. Wilson. The Embassy of Death. The Wheel of Fire. London Methuen & Co., 1954. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. New York The Folger Shakespeare Library, 1992.

The Relationship Between Political Processes and Science Essay

The political processes involved in the production of scientific facts and technology continues to be misrepresented and underemphasised in contemporary academic and wider public discourse. This is evident when considering the approaches employed by historians, philosophers and commentators when interpreting past revolutions, paradigm shifts and controversies in science. In this ill luck to account for the intrinsic association of politics, scientific facts and technology, it has led to the problematic distortion of how science relates to society and operates as an institution. Several assumptions are often made almost science, for example the existence of an objective scientific method. Nave inductivists who maintain this view claim that science starts with observation, and secondly that observation yields a capture basis from which knowledge can be derived (Chalmers, 1982, p. 22). This standard model of science raises much concern as it negates to account for the complex nature of observation. Firstly, Gestalt imagery demonstrates the variation of distinct meanings which can be extrapolated from one image and so a variety of stimuli. Secondly, the standard story of scientific method through observation is wounded when considering the importance of gaps within science, shown through the Solar Neutrino case study. Scientists observed the activity of solar neutrinos and in 1967, when data begun to transpire, inconsistencies were noticed which defied their predictions. There were disagreements concerning the reading of the results and from 1968 to 1978 the scientific community continued in their attempt to resolve the gaps. A crucial question arises, which interpretation of the image or data is correct or legitimate... ...999, p. 17-Bishop, J. and Landell-Mills, N., Forest Environmental Services An Overview in Selling Forest Environmental Services Market-based mechanisms for conservation and development, Earthscan, London 2002, p. 30-Ede, A. and Cormac, L ., A History of Science in Society From Philosophy to Utility, Broadview Press, Ontario, 2004, p. 209-Kill, J., The Scientific Uncertainty of Carbon Sinks & Why Carbon Sinks Wont Help Stop Forest Destruction in Sinks in the Kyoto Protocol A dirty deal for forests, forest peoples and the climate, FERN, 2001, p, 9-Kuhn, T., The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, The University of Chicago Press, 1996, p. 56-Pinch, T. J. and Bijker, W. E., The Social verbalism of Facts and Artefacts in The Social Construction of Technological Systems, ed. W. E. Bijker, T. P. Hughes and T. J. Pinch, MIT Press, 1987, p. 19

Analysis of Importance of Being Earnest :: Literary Analysis Literature Essays

Analysis of Importance of Being Earnest No man is an island. This means that no man is alone. Of all of the men on the planet, they all have somebody. It may not be obvious to them, but they are not alone. This relates to The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde in a light tone. Jack has no idea who either of his parents are. Lady Bracknell tells Jack To fall back one parent may be regarded as a misfortune. To lose both looks like carelessness.(Act 1) When he finds start that the handbag he was in as an infant belongs to Miss Prism he embraces her and calls her M other(a). Jack has been lonely(a) without the knowledge of his parents and when he gets a hint of what might be a reality, he lights up like a Christmas tree without acknowledging that it might turn out to be false.This also holds true for Jack and Algernon. Algernon is alone and Jack asks for his help pretending to be his brother. Jack and Algernon both are helping each other during the time they are posing as broth ers. They have each others company so that they arent alone.Another good example of the saying, No man is an island, is the love between Jacks younger wicked brother, Algernon and Cecily. It is not love at first sight, but rather she had locomote in love with him months prior to the day. Wilde has meant for us to interpret this as Algernon, even if everybody in his life leaves him, he will have Cecilys love for him in both of his or her hearts. Even if Algernon never knew that Cecily is in love with him, Algernon will never be alone. With his feelings toward Cecily known as said by Algernon Cecily is the sweetest, dearest, prettiest girl in the whole world.(Act 3)The final few pages of the book also have a very important turn of events that portray that people arent alone at all in the world. Lady Bracknell tells Jack closely who his parents are You are the son of my poor sister, Mrs. Moncrieff, and consequently Algernons older brother.(Act 3)Throughout the play, Jack and Algernon intellection that they were less than brothers, just friends. But in the end it is known that they are in fact brothers and they were oblivious to the fact. This further explains that without even knowing the truth about one another, they will always be there for each other.

How I Chose my Career of Business Essay -- career, business,

Often times, I cant help but wonder what my brio would be like if I havent been exposed to the world of business a wonderful career that changed my life completely. I have interpreted interest in business career because I love calculating numbers and interacting with people But most importantly, my fascination in business came from my grandfather. He taught me many valu subject tips on how to be a no-hit person, and most certainly how to run a business. He was not only a successful businessman, but also a respected individual. One of the businesses that he owned was a company called Wu Long Tea Factory. The main thing that they ca-ca is tea of course, but they also have products such as cakes, candies, and all kinds of stuff. By being the production handlers assistant of this company, I was able to experience everything that was going on in the factory. Even though that was the background I grew up in, my biggest fascination wasnt in being a manager in a factory it was the financ e part that got me all excited. Often times I can even see myself sitting in my home and work on clients financial profiles and statements. I also took extra math classes and participated in many of the competitions in order to prepare myself to succeed in this item field. Other things that I also did to get me well prepared are joining school activities, applying internships, and having jobs. I believe that all my hard work allow pay off, when I see myself as a successful businessman.I grew up in a low-income family with a father that has rheumatoid arthritis in otherwise words, my life was full of hardships. Being the oldest child of the two, I had a lot of responsibilities I have to carry upon my shoulder. My father is an individual who is f... ...ed younger kids by tutoring them on certain subjects or just spending time playing with them. The hobbies I do gave me a sense of enjoyment and satisfaction.By attending New York University, since it has mavin of the finest busine ss programs, I believe I will become even more successful, both academically and socially. I have enthusiasm and ambition, plus having devout leadership skills, being a hard worker, and having great social networking skills. After going through a childhood with a rheumatoid arthritis father, and coming to a foreign country where I had knew very little of its language, I would and strive for and participate in any learning opportunities. I know that I am ready for the upcoming challenges and tasks. I strongly believe that no matter what kind of ordeals people will face, as long as they have the nerve and will to do it right, they will succeed.

SPIRIT LIFTER :: essays research papers

odour takeoff rocket divinity fudge has kept me here for a reason.I survived because he has a plan for me.All my hurtful relationships, the bad credit, therepossessions, the death of my loved ones,the back stabbing from my friends, the negative thoughts,or the lack of support, I made it because I am blessedI release and let go of solely past hurts, misunderstandings and grudgesbecause I am blessedI recognize them as the illusions they are, for God is all there is.All else is a lieNow give yourself a hug, wipe your weeping and walk in victory Ilove you, but more appropriately God loves you BEST Be blessed and fill in that you are at one with THE SPIRIT OF THE LIVING GOD And may theLordkeep watch between you and me when we are away from each other.Genesis 3149. AmenNow since you are a true child of God, you know that with everyblessing, a blessing is required So bless another, by passing this on.Have a Blessed Day.MabelDo you Yahoo?SPIRIT LIFTERGod has kept me here for a reason. I survived because he has a plan for me.All my bad relationships, the bad credit, therepossessions, the death of my loved ones,the back stabbing from my friends, the negative thoughts,or the lack of support, I made it because I am blessedI release and let go of all past hurts, misunderstandings and grudgesbecause I am blessedI recognize them as the illusions they are, for God is all there is.All else is a lieNow give yourself a hug, wipe your tears and walk in victory Ilove you, but more appropriately God loves you BEST Be blessed and

SPIRIT LIFTER :: essays research papers

intuitive feeling relay transmitter idol has kept me here for a reason.I survived because he has a plan for me.All my rubber relationships, the bad credit, therepossessions, the death of my loved ones,the back stabbing from my friends, the negative thoughts,or the lack of support, I made it because I am blessedI release and let go of wholly past hurts, misunderstandings and grudgesbecause I am blessedI recognize them as the illusions they are, for God is all there is.All else is a lieNow give yourself a hug, wipe your tear and walk in victory Ilove you, but more fittingly God loves you BEST Be blessed and populate that you are at one with THE SPIRIT OF THE LIVING GOD And may theLordkeep watch between you and me when we are away from each other.Genesis 3149. AmenNow since you are a true child of God, you know that with everyblessing, a blessing is required So bless another, by passing this on.Have a Blessed Day.MabelDo you Yahoo?SPIRIT LIFTERGod has kept me here for a reason.I survived because he has a plan for me.All my bad relationships, the bad credit, therepossessions, the death of my loved ones,the back stabbing from my friends, the negative thoughts,or the lack of support, I made it because I am blessedI release and let go of all past hurts, misunderstandings and grudgesbecause I am blessedI recognize them as the illusions they are, for God is all there is.All else is a lieNow give yourself a hug, wipe your tears and walk in victory Ilove you, but more appropriately God loves you BEST Be blessed and

Geosciene Online Quiz Question and Answers

The Geosci M some other(a)(a)load Unit 1 Science 1. The US presidency, and just about(predicate) other governments of the realism, provide support for scientists however non for astrologers, palm readers, or telephone psychics. Why do governments support scientists? A. Scientists elementic consider 18 amazingly voluptuous, and government functionaries simply ignorenot check themselves in the presence of such(prenominal) overwhelming sexiness and leave money at the scientists (sometimes tucking tens and twenties into the pockets of the scientists lab coats). B. Scientists practice session a c beful method, and governments atomic morsel 18 al dashs committed to supporting the use of c beful methods. C. Scientists help humans do useful things, which fuddles the humans healthier, wealthier, etc. , and governments often like to support health and wealth. D. Scientists completely drink nutrition Pepsi because they think it makes them look sexy, and governments argon every controlled by the powerful Pepsi Corporation and so the governments support the Diet-Pepsi-drinking scientists. E. Scientists ensure the Truth, and governments ar forever deeply committed to dateing the truth. The government is often interested in seeing plurality live longer, or improving the economy, or having cleanse and more-precise explosive devices for the military, or in many other things that im corroborate our lives, and cognition plus engineering and scientific medicine ar ameliorate than any other human activity at delivering these. A faultfinder might say that politicians ar often not all that interested in finding the Truth.And a realist would office that science is organism im assayd all the time, and because you movenot improve on the Truth, science has not (yet? ) learned the Truth. There ar many methods in the world, some of them are careful, and many of them are not funded by the government. Some of our spouses or significant others whitethorn think that some scientists are sexy, but many other sexy persons are not funded by the government. single of the profs has been gon to drink a competitor of Pepsi on occasion, and some scientists refrain from soft drinks entirely. picPoints realize 1/1 fabricate declaration C Your repartee C 2. What is an absolute definition of the job of a scientist? A. The scientist does only things that require high-tech equipment. B. The scientist invents freshly intellects, and goes on to turn in that some of those ideas are false. C. The scientist learns the Truth by means of careful application of the scientific method. D. The scientist does only things that show how sexy being a scientist really is, causing down-trodden non-scientists to lose control of themselves with unintellectual lust for the scientist. E. The scientist Invents new ideas, and then goes on to prove that some of thos e ideas are True. Much of the fun in science is attack up with great new ideas (hypotheses, if you like legerdemain vocalizes).But for your new idea to win, you have to show that it does better than doddery ideas, so you have to prove those old ideas false (or incomplete, or not-sooner- good, or some(prenominal) nice word you might prefer). The scientific method is a powerful way for humans to learn to do things, and learn what does and doesnt acidulate, but the results of science are always open to improvement, so are not claimed to be Truth, and in all likelihood are not Truth. Some scientists muted use pencils and look at things, and there are probably a few non-sexy scientists n first somewhere. picPoints realise 1/1 class dish up B Your solution B 3. due norths ideas on physics won, and Aristotles ideas were kicked off of science and over into history. Why? A. Newtons ideas appealed to dead white European males, whereas Aristotles didnt because Aristo tle wore a toga all the time. B. Newtons ideas did a better job of assureing how nature would behave. C. Newtons ideas appealed to dead white European males, whereas Aristotles didnt. D. Newtons ideas were more elegant, and so were intellectually favored. E. Newton won the Nobel prize. Unlike painting or literature, scientific inquiry has a well-defined purpose for figuring out if Newtons ideas are better or if Aristotle had it right all along. In looking at a painting, we can ask different batch what they think, or we can make up our own mind on whether we like it or not, and that is perfectly valid. In science, we have to ask does the idea get liberation with the way the world taps? Can I predict the speed of a falling object better using Newtons ideas or Aristotles? As it turns out, Aristotles ideas didnt predict things very well, and Newtons did. picPoints make 1/1 place Answer B Your Response B 4. Scientists often utter of consen susthe scientific community agrees that a particular theory is better than the competitors.What is such scientific consensus based on? A. The insistence of a single scientist that he or she is sort out. B. A chassis of different trys by different people that all had outcomes that were predicted accurately by the favored theory and not by the competitors. C. Statements in the old textbooks that the scientists studied when they were in school. D. The decision of the Nobel prize committee to give the inventor of the idea a lot of money. E. A single experiment had an outcome that was predicted accurately by the favored theory and not by the competitors. Agreement on scientific theories is a contentious, drawn-out, and sometimes acrimonious business. Scientists are no better (and no worse ) than everybody else we think we are right and those who disagree with us are dunderheadsI cast forward my idea, and the experiments that I did that show the idea is a exhaustively one then everybody else piles on and pooh-poohs my idea. BUT, they go out and do experiments that try and show my ideas are wrong and they cant do it So eventually all those experiments accumulate, and finally people agree that my idea is a good one. (Sometimes accompanied by a sneer but of course I knew that all along. I just didnt bother to earthize it I told you, scientists are no better and no worse than the rest of the world. picPoints acquire 1/1 Correct Answer B Your Response B 5. Your job depends on you finding the best available information on a particular technical topic. Where should you concentrate your count if you want to do it right and keep your job? A. Watch cola commercials on football bowl games. B. Locate articles in weekly news magazines analyzing the views of normal officials on the technical issue, as surveyed in the newspapers. C. Get on the web and go looking for the pages posted by think-tanks hea dquartered near Washington. D. Scan databases of newspaper articles to find the views of public figures on the technical issue. E. Find and study refereed scientific articles in learned journals. No source of information is perfect, but the refereed articles in learned journals put immense effort into getting it right. The web has reliable information, of course, but probably most of the information on the web is not specially reliable. The web is very inexpensive, and lots of people put junk on it.Think tanks also often are pushing an agenda, and try to spin information their way. roughly newspapers are around for the long haul, and try to make the news fairly accurate, although some newspapers do have agendas, and the editorial pages are not especially accurate. But, if the report is on the views of a public figure, the newspaper may accurately report what the public figure said, but what the public figure said may be less than completely accurate. Some magaz ines are quite good and careful, but many are pushing a belief or just overhyping things to besiege you into buying the magazine.And while you are welcome to confide that drinking a particular cola makes you sexy dont count on it. picPoints Earned 1/1 Correct Answer E Your Response E 6. Before they can be promulgated, scientific papers must be peer-reviewed. This means that A. Some other scientific experts read the papers and guarantee that they are True. B. Some other scientific experts read the papers and provide quality control by eliminating many mistakes. C. Government bureaucrats read the papers, to be sure that the papers do not insult the political positions of the current officeholders. D. Everyone in the world is addicted the opportunity to comment on the papers through a specially maintained blog. E. An editor reads the papers, to make sure that all the semicolons are in the correct places. Reviewers work hard to identify erro rs of any sort, almost always identify many, and then the reviewers and editors insist that those errors be fixed before publication.Review is done voluntarily by scientists this is part of the cost of being a member of this great human undertaking. Science doesnt claim Truth although science strives to be as accurate as humanly possible, that is often well short of Truth. picPoints Earned 1/1 Correct Answer B Your Response B 7. What is more accurate about the man? A. The Earth is create of flat, vertical layers one runs from the North Pole to the South Pole, and then others are layered on to the sides of that. B. The Earth is create of flat, horizontal layers, a little thug at the South Pole, then a layer preceding(prenominal) that, and a layer above that, all the way up to a little punk at the North Pole. C. The Earth is organize of concentrical layers (something like an oniona central ball with a flog around it, and a shell around that), but wit h a giant hole on one side where the moon-making collision blasted pieces off. D. The Earth is homogeneous when it melted, it got all mixed up. E. The Earth is formed of concentric layers (something like an oniona central ball with a shell around it, and a shell around that) when the satellite melted, it disconnected into layers. The planet is onion-like, with an inner core, then an outer core, a mantle (which has several sub-layers), and a crust. The moon-making collision did happen, but the planet got hot enough to separate again. The planet separated after melting largely or completely, with the densest stuff falling to the center and the lowest-density stuff floating to the top. picPoints Earned 1/1 Correct Answer E 8. Geologists get to play with chemistry, physics, biology and history And what a history you will meet as you work your way through the course.Starting at the beginning, the textbook provides the scientifically accepted start of the story and promises that youll get to explore some of the evidence for that scientific view, later in the semester. Meanwhile, which is more nearly correct of the scientifically accepted view? A. The Earth is eternal, having been here forever and promising to be here forever. B. The Earth formed from the falling together of older materials, about 4. 6 billion familys ago. C. The Earth formed in the self-aggrandizing pick out, about 6000 years ago. D. The Earth was assembled by commodious space beavers, which gnawed down the primordial tree of life and piled its branches together to form the planet. E. The Earth formed when the Big Bang caused older materials to fall together, about 14 billion years ago. The Big Bang is estimated as having occurred about 14 billion years ago. Stars that eventually formed in the wake of the Big Bang led to production of elements such as weigh and silicon that are common in the Earthwe are formed from second-generation stardust, which got it together to make the planet about 4. 6 billion years ago. picPoints Earned 1/1 Correct Answer B Your Response B 9. interior(a) Parks are A. Regions containing tell apart biological resources that have been particularise out for the enjoyment of future generations. B. Regions containing key geological resources that have been set aside for the enjoyment of the present generation. C. Regions containing key cultural resources that have been set aside for the enjoyment of the present generation and future generations. D. Regions containing key biological, geological or cultural resources that have been set aside for the enjoyment of the present generation and future generations. E. Regions containing key roller coasters that have been set aside for the enjoyment of you and your immediate friends. Old Faithful, the giant sequoias, and Mesa Verdes cliff dwellings are waiting for you, and your gran dchildren. picPoints Earned 1/1 Correct Answer D Your Response D 10. You find two neutral atoms. from each one has 8 protons in its centre, but one has 7 neutrons, and the other has 8 neutrons. It is correct to state that A. The two atoms are from two different elements. B. The two atoms are from the similar element, but are different ions of that element. C. The two atoms are from the akin cola, but presented in different packaging. D. The two atoms are from the same element, but are different isotopes of that element. E. The two atoms are from the same element, but are different isopleths of that element. The element is determined by the number of protons, so if each atom has the same number of protons, the atoms are the same element. C hanging the number of neutrons primarily affects the weight, giving a different isotope of the same element. Changing the number of neutrons alike much can introduce radioactivity, so the isotope wont hang around forever. ) Ions are made by gaining or losing electrons. Isopleths are lines on a map connecting places with the same concentration of something that someone has measured, not exactly relevant here. And cola requires making atoms into molecules, and then mixing molecules of several sorts (water, sweetener, coloring agent, flavoring agent, maybe caffeine) to make cola. picPoints Earned 1/1 Correct Answer D Your Response D 11. You get some stuff, and start taking it apart. But, you are cut back to the use of public means (fire, sunlight, your digestive system) and you cannot use atom smashers or atom bombs. What is the smallest piece that you are liable(predicate) to be able to produce A. A quark B. A nucleus C. A proton. D. An atom E. A neutron. We can break matter down into atoms (Greek for not cuttable because the Greeks didnt have atom smashers or other exotic tools that would allow cutting atoms into smaller pieces). all(a) of the wrong answers here are smaller pieces of atoms, but cannot normally be isolated by routine tools. picPoints Earned 1/1 Correct Answer D Your Response D 12. Ignoring good manners, you start rooting around in the nucleus of a poor, unsuspecting atom, to see what is in there. What are you most likely to find? A. precisely neutrons. B. Neutrons, usually with some electrons hanging around among the neutrons. C. Protons, usually with some electrons hanging around among the protons. D. Protons, usually with some neutrons hanging around among the protons. E. Only protons. The simplest nucleus is the single proton in ordinary hydrogen.All other nuclei include protons and neutrons. Electrons make the cloud around the nucleus. picPoints Earned 1/1 Correct Answer D 1. What is an accurate description of the job of a scientist? A. The scientist invents new ideas, and goes on to show that some of those ideas are false. B. The scientist learns the Truth through careful application of the scientific method. C. The scientist Invents new ideas, and then goes on to prove that some of those ideas are True. D. The scientist does only things that show how sexy being a scientist really is, causing down-trodden non-scientists to lose control of themselves with carnal lust for the scientist. E. The scientist does only things that require high-tech equipment. Much of the fun in science is feeler up with great new ideas (hypotheses, if you like fancy words).But for your new idea to win, you have to show that it does better than old ideas, so you have to prove those old ideas false (or incomplete, or not-quite-right, or whatever nice word you might prefer). The scientific method is a powerful way for humans to learn to do things, and learn what does and doesnt work, but the results of science are always open to improvement, so are not claimed to be Truth, and probably are no t Truth. Some scientists still use pencils and look at things, and there are probably a few non-sexy scientists around somewhere. picPoints Earned 0/1 Your Response B 1. Most Americans support science because A. The scientific method allows scientists to learn the Truth. B. All scientists are sexy. C. All Americans are bored silly by science. D. All Americans are fascinated by science. E. Science has helped make our lives easier, safer, etc. Without science and technology, the great majority of us would be dead, so we scarper to be supporters of science.Although we know that science works, were never sure that it is completely right. Students so often discover things that professors missed, or that professors got wrong, that scientists would be silly to claim Truth. Comparing the TV ratings of the in style(p) hit to the ratings of the latest science curriculum on public broadcasting shows that many Americans are not fascinated by science , but the science-show ratings are above zero, so some people are fascinated by science. And hope as we might, it is unfortunately clear that not every scientist is sexy (just most of them are). picPoints Earned 1/1 Correct Answer E 2. What is an accurate description of the job of a scientist? A. The scientist invents new ideas, and goes on to show that some of those ideas are false. B. The scientist learns the Truth through careful application of the scientific method. C. The scientist does only things that show how sexy being a scientist really is, causing down-trodden non-scientists to lose control of themselves with carnal lust for the scientist. D. The scientist does only things that require high-tech equipment. E. The scientist Invents new ideas, and then goes on to prove that some of those ideas are True. Much of the fun in science is coming up with great new ideas (hypotheses, if you like fancy words).But for your new idea to w in, you have to show that it does better than old ideas, so you have to prove those old ideas false (or incomplete, or not-quite-right, or whatever nice word you might prefer). The scientific method is a powerful way for humans to learn to do things, and learn what does and doesnt work, but the results of science are always open to improvement, so are not claimed to be Truth, and probably are not Truth. Some scientists still use pencils and look at things, and there are probably a few non-sexy scientists around somewhere. picPoints Earned 1/1 Correct Answer A Your Response A 3. The final arbitrator between two alternate theories (for example Aristotles and Newtons ideas) is A. A public opinion poll conducted by Gallup, ABC News, and Fox News. B. Nature, and experiments conducted to test each idea. C. A committee of wise men who gather twice a year to arbitrate such disputes. D. The Nobel Prize Committee in Stockholm, Sweden. Unlike painting or lite rature, scientific inquiry has a well-defined procedure for figuring out if Newtons ideas are better or if Aristotle had it right all along. In looking at a painting, we can ask different people what they think, or we can make up our own mind on whether we like it or not, and that is perfectly valid. In science, we have to ask does the idea fit with the way the world works? Can I predict the speed of a falling object better using Newtons ideas or Aristotles? As it turns out, Aristotles ideas didnt predict things very well, and Newtons did. picPoints Earned 1/1 Correct Answer B Your Response B 4. When scientists agree that a particular scientific theory is a good one, and the scientists use that theory to help make new things, cure diseases, etc. that agreement came about because A. A single experiment had an outcome that was well-predicted by that theory. B. A single, well-respected scientist put forward the idea. C. Thats what it says in all the books. D. The Nobel prize committee gave the inventor of the idea a lot of money. E. A number of different experiments by different people all had outcomes that were well-predicted by the theory. Agreement on scientific theories is a contentious, drawn-out, and sometimes acrimonious business. Scientists are no better (and no worse ) than everybody else we think we are right and those who disagree with us are dunderheads I put forward my idea, and the experiments that I did that show the idea is a good one then everybody else piles on and pooh-poohs my idea. BUT, they go out and do experiments that try and show my ideas are wrong nd they cant do it So eventually all those experiments accumulate, and finally people agree that my idea is a good one. (Sometimes accompanied by a sneer but of course I knew that all along. I just didnt bother to publicize it I told you, scientists are no better and no worse than the rest of the world. ) picPoints Earned 1/1 Correct Answer E Y our Response E 5. Which is more likely to contain reliable information? A. A web page posted by an independent think-tank. B. A magazine article summarizing recent newspaper and television reports. C. A refereed article in a learned journal. D. The views of public figures reported in a newspaper article. E. A cola commercial. No source of information is perfect, but the refereed articles in learned journals put immense effort into getting it right. The web has reliable information, of course, but probably most of the information on the web is not especially reliable. The web is very inexpensive, and lots of people put junk on it.Think tanks also often are pushing an agenda, and try to spin information their way. Most newspapers are around for the long haul, and try to make the news fairly accurate, although some newspapers do have agendas, and the editorial pages are not especially accurate. But, if the report is on the views of a public figu re, the newspaper may accurately report what the public figure said, but what the public figure said may be less than completely accurate. Some magazines are quite good and careful, but many are pushing a belief or just overhyping things to tease you into buying the magazine.And while you are welcome to believe that drinking a particular cola makes you sexy dont count on it. picPoints Earned 1/1 Correct Answer C Your Response C 6. What is accurate about peer review of scientific papers? A. It insures that they are True. B. It almost always leads to the recommendation that the papers be published without changes. C. It is why we call scientific papers primary sources. D. It provides quality control by eliminating many mistakes. E. It is primarily done by government bureaucrats hired for that purpose. Reviewers work hard to identify errors of any sort, almost always identify many, and then the reviewers and editors insist that those errors be fi xed before publication. Review is done voluntarily by scientists this is part of the cost of being a member of this great human undertaking.Science doesnt claim Truth although science strives to be as accurate as humanly possible, that is often well short of Truth. Asking grandpa what school was like in his childhood gives you a primary source (grandpa), even if he insists that he walked 20 miles through neck-deep snow, uphill both ways. Some primary sources have selective memories. picPoints Earned 1/1 Correct Answer D Your Response D 7. The Earth is layered. Most geologists believe that this layering originated primarily because A. The denser material fell together from space first, and then the less-dense material fell in later. B. The Earth partially or completely melted soon after it formed, and the denser materials fell to the center. C. Graham Spanier decreed that it be, so it was. D. The Earth has been separating bit-by-bit for billions of years as the cold oceanic slabs sink all the way to the center and pile up. E. The Moon flew out of the Earth after a great collision with a Mars-sized body, causing the Earth to spin faster and separate. Melting allows things to sort out more easily. Think of the rocks and snow and ice and salt and squirrel parts that stick on the bottom of your car when you drive in a snowstorm, and how they sort themselves out when they melt in the garage or in the spring. Much evidence points to early separation of the Earth into layers, before the collision with a Mars-sized body that blasted out the material that made the moon, although a little bit of separating may still be going on.The type of material falling together to make the planet may have changed as the planet formed, but this doesnt reckon to have been too important in controlling things. And mighty as Graham Spanier is, this was a bit before his time. picPoints Earned 1/1 Correct Answer B Your Response B 8. The Earth h as a fascinating history, which this class has just begun to explore.Which is more nearly correct, according to the scientific interpretation presented in the text? A. The Earth has been here forever. B. The Earth formed in the great Pepsi flood, when Graham Spaniers private reservoirs burst open and flooded Pennsylvania. C. The Earth formed in the Big Bang, about 4. 6 billion years ago. D. The Earth formed about 4. 6 billion years ago, well after the Big Bang, as materials made in stars fell together to form the planet. E. The Earth formed in the Big Bang, about 6000 years ago. The Big Bang is estimated as having occurred about 14 billion years ago.Stars that eventually formed in the wake of the Big Bang led to production of elements such as iron and silicon that are common in the Earthwe are formed from second-generation stardust, which got it together to make the planet about 4. 6 billion years ago. pic Points Earned 0/1 Correct Answer D Your Response C 9. National Parks are A. An invention of the Romans, to overcome the tragedy of the commons that caused them to interest the food-service buildings of the neighboring Greeks. B. An invention of the United States that has spread around much of the world, as a way of protecting some of the finest parts of the world. C. A U. S. government program to provide roller-coaster rides for disadvantaged grandparents. D. An invention of the United States, which has been routinely ignored by the rest of the world because they really dont like us. E. An invention of Greenlandic people, who set aside the northeastern part of the island as the worlds first national park. Yellowstone was the first National Park, but now you can find National Parks scattered across the planet, preserving key areas for the enjoyment of this generation and for future generations. picPoints Earned 1/1 Correct Answer B Your Response B 10. You find t wo neutral atoms. Each has 8 protons in its nucleus, but one has 7 neutrons, and the other has 8 neutrons. It is correct to state that A. The two atoms are from the same cola, but presented in different packaging. B. The two atoms are from the same element, but are different isopleths of that element. C. The two atoms are from the same element, but are different ions of that element. D. The two atoms are from two different elements. E. The two atoms are from the same element, but are different isotopes of that element. The element is determined by the number of protons, so if each atom has the same number of protons, the atoms are the same element.Changing the number of neutrons primarily affects the weight, giving a different isotope of the same element. (Changing the number of neutrons too much can introduce radioactivity, so the isotope wont hang around forever. ) Ions are made by gaining or losing electrons. Isopleths are lines on a map co nnecting places with the same concentration of something that someone has measured, not exactly relevant here. And cola requires making atoms into molecules, and then mixing molecules of several sorts (water, sweetener, coloring agent, flavoring agent, perhaps caffeine) to make cola. picPoints Earned 1/1 Correct Answer E Your Response E 11. You get some stuff, and start taking it apart.But, you are restricted to the use of ordinary means (fire, sunlight, your digestive system) and you cannot use atom smashers or atom bombs. What is the smallest piece that you are likely to be able to produce A. A neutron. B. An atom C. A proton. D. A nucleus E. A quark We can break matter down into atoms (Greek for not cuttable because the Greeks didnt have atom smashers or other exotic tools that would allow cutting atoms into smaller pieces).All of the wrong answers here are smaller pieces of atoms, but cannot normally be isolated by ordinary tool s. picPoints Earned 1/1 Correct Answer B Your Response B 12. Chemical reactions involve A. The share-out or trading of partons. B. The sharing or trading of quarks. C. The sharing or trading of protons. D. The sharing or trading of neutrons. E. The sharing or trading of electrons. The clouds of electrons around the nuclei of atoms serve as the fix of the universe. Atoms gain or lose electrons and then stick together by static electricity, or else share electrons and stick together inside the shared cloud. The nuclei with their protons and neutrons (which are themselves composed of quarks, which also were called partons at one time) are the things held together by the electronic Velcro of chemistry. picPoints Earned 1/1 Correct Answer E Your Response E 1. Ignoring good manners, you start rooting around in the nucleus of a poor, unsuspecting atom, to see what is in there. What are you most likely to find? A. Neutrons, usually with some electrons hanging around among the neutrons. B. Only neutrons. C. Protons, usually with some neutrons hanging around among the protons. D. Protons, usually with some electrons hanging around among the protons. E. Only protons. The simplest nucleus is the single proton in ordinary hydrogen. All other nuclei include protons and neutrons. Electrons make the cloud around the nucleus. picPoints Earned 1/1 Your Response C 2. Opinion polls show most residents of the US do not believe they understand science very well, but they do favor more government support of science. Why do most US residents favor government support of science? A. Scientists are so breath-takingly sexy that most people are drawn through sheer carnal lust to support the scientific enterprise. B. Science is so boring that almost everyone uses public-broadcasting science programming as a sleep aid, and government funding is needed to insure a steady supply of bo redom. C. Science has helped make our lives healthier, wealthier, easier, safer, etc. , and people hope that more funding of more science will provide even more health, wealth, ease, safety, etc. D. Science is simply so fascinating that almost everyone cant wait to see what will be discovered next. E. Scientists apply their scientific method, which allows them to learn the Truth. Without science and technology, the great majority of us would be dead, so we tend to be supporters of science. Although we know that science works, were never sure that it is completely right. Students so often discover things that professors missed, or that professors got wrong, that scientists would be silly to claim Truth.Comparing the TV ratings of the latest hit to the ratings of the latest science program on public broadcasting shows that many Americans are not fascinated by science, but the science-show ratings are above zero, so some people are fascinated by science. An d hope as we might, it is unfortunately clear that not every scientist is sexy (just most of them are). picPoints Earned 1/1 Your Response C 3. In chemistry, the type of an atom (what element it is) is determined by A. The number of electrons it exchanges with its neighbors. B. The number of protons it has in a cloud around the nucleus. C. The number of neutrons it has in a cloud around the nucleus. D. The number of neutrons it contains in its nucleus. E. The number of protons it contains in its nucleus. Physicists change the name when the number of charged, massive protons in the nucleus changes. Adding one proton makes a HUGE difference to how an atom behaves, and so deserves a new name. The neutrons hang around in the nucleus to keep the protons from kicking each other out. Exchanging electrons is important, but doesnt change the element type. picPoints Earned 1/1 Your Response E 4. What is an accurate description of the job of a scienti st? A. The scientist Invents new ideas, and then goes on to prove that some of those ideas are True. B. The scientist does only things that show how sexy being a scientist really is, causing down-trodden non-scientists to lose control of themselves with carnal lust for the scientist. C. The scientist learns the Truth through careful application of the scientific method. D. The scientist does only things that require high-tech equipment. E. The scientist invents new ideas, and goes on to show that some of those ideas are false. Much of the fun in science is coming up with great new ideas (hypotheses, if you like fancy words). But for your new idea to win, you have to show that it does better than old ideas, so you have to prove those old ideas false (or incomplete, or not-quite-right, or whatever nice word you might prefer). The scientific method is a powerful way for humans to learn to do things, and learn what does and doesnt work, but the r esults of science are always open to improvement, so are not claimed to be Truth, and probably are not Truth.Some scientists still use pencils and look at things, and there are probably a few non-sexy scientists around somewhere. picPoints Earned 0/1 Your Response A 5. What is more accurate about the Earth? A. The Earth is formed of concentric layers (something like an oniona central ball with a shell around it, and a shell around that) when the planet melted, it separated into layers. B. The Earth is formed of flat, vertical layers one runs from the North Pole to the South Pole, and then others are layered on to the sides of that. C. The Earth is formed of flat, horizontal layers, a little cap at the South Pole, then a layer above that, and a layer above that, all the way up to a little cap at the North Pole. D. The Earth is formed of concentric layers (something like an oniona central ball with a shell around it, and a shell around that), but wit h a giant hole on one side where the moon-making collision blasted pieces off. E. The Earth is homogeneous when it melted, it got all mixed up. The planet is onion-like, with an inner core, then an outer core, a mantle (which has several sub-layers), and a crust.The moon-making collision did happen, but the planet got hot enough to separate again. The planet separated after melting largely or completely, with the densest stuff falling to the center and the lowest-density stuff floating to the top. picPoints Earned 0/1 Your Response E 1. The US government, and most other governments of the world, provide support for scientists but not for astrologers, palm readers, or telephone psychics. Why do governments support scientists? A. Scientists all drink Diet Pepsi because they think it makes them look sexy, and governments are all controlled by the powerful Pepsi Corporation and so the governments support the Diet-Pepsi-drinking scientists. B. Scientis ts help humans do useful things, which makes the humans healthier, wealthier, etc. , and governments often like to support health and wealth. C. Scientists are amazingly sexy, and government functionaries simply cannot control themselves in the presence of such overwhelming sexiness and throw money at the scientists (sometimes tucking tens and twenties into the pockets of the scientists lab coats). D. Scientists use a careful method, and governments are always committed to supporting the use of careful methods. E. Scientists learn the Truth, and governments are always deeply committed to learning the truth. The government is often interested in seeing people live longer, or improving the economy, or having better and more-accurate explosive devices for the military, or in many other things that improve our lives, and science plus engineering and scientific medicine are better than any other human activity at delivering these.A cynic might say that poli ticians are often not all that interested in finding the Truth. And a realist would note that science is being improved all the time, and because you cannot improve on the Truth, science has not (yet? ) learned the Truth. There are many methods in the world, some of them are careful, and many of them are not funded by the government. Some of our spouses or significant others may think that some scientists are sexy, but many other sexy persons are not funded by the government.One of the professors has been known to drink a competitor of Pepsi on occasion, and some scientists refrain from soft drinks entirely. picPoints Earned 1/1 Correct Answer B Your Response B 2. You hang around with the professor, who is a scientist when hes not teaching. You observe that the professor learns a lot about how certain parts of the world behave, and the professor then uses that information to successfully predict the outcome of an experiment. What does this demonstrate? A. The professors knowledge is True the professor couldnt have made the successful prediction without knowing exactly what is going on. B. The professor was lucky no professor could ever know what is going on, so a professor who successfully predicted something must be really lucky. C. The professors knowledge is close to being True no professor really knows what is going on, but some professors are sort of close to knowing what is going on. D.

How Slippery is the Slope? Essay

How cunning is the Slope?There is no foxy slope toward issue of liberties, only a long staircase where each step downward must first be tolerated by the Ameri locoweed people and their leaders. Alan K. Simpson. The essay, Chapter 6 The Slippery Slope, is a break down on how ineffective and il transparent the slippery slope fallacy is in an argument against gay marriage. Initially it presents the counter which is the slippery slope essay, and then it breaks it down by four categories being (1) slipping to senselessity, (2) slipping the other way, (3) slippery slopes in general, (4) concept of choice. Within this essay it undoubtedly does a good job of disproving this counter argument through the references ability to routine pathos, logos, and ethos in a coherent and comm finishable way.The first category discusses how absurd it is to assume that if gay marriage was legalized then eventually polygamy, incestuous, and even pedophiliac marriages would all have to be legalized. In the second category it is a reminder that the slopes can slip in more direction, so their theory could back fire and the slope could slip into more support for not only the LGBT community, but likewise for those who are mentally handicapped and those with sexually transmitted diseases. As the third category states slippery slopes in general are a bad intellection and are illogical and the fourth category recognizes that states, in addition to the aforementioned reasons, a distinction between gay marriages and polygamous and incestuous marriages can be made based on the concept of choice.This fallacy is extremely weak in any sort of intellectual debate beca economic consumption the tactic of it is to fly glowering into a many other situations that are, more often than not, ridiculous and do not usually relate specifically to the top of the slope issue, and this essay is a good argument showing the flaws in the slippery slope argument against legalizing gay marriage.Logos was a h eavy factor in this argumentative essay. The actor uses logos to debate the logic of the slippery slope argument, which in and of itself, is a actually(prenominal) illogical argument tactic and the author knows that so it uses that as the primary(prenominal) way to attack it. A prime example of this use of logos isin the third category called slippery slopes in general and the author said, It is disingenuous, and callous, to manage any potential change as part of some seamless process of an alleged disintegration of an institution. That being said, that iss not the only example of the author exploitation logos to argue the counter, there is a plethora of logos used throughout the essay such as this excerpt, The very notion is patently ridiculous. Gay marriage is a legal and moral issue distinct from these others, and it as best disingenuous to argue that its legalization will force the regimen to recognize the sanctity of a human bond with an animal or a dead person.In any d ebate or argument relations with civil rights are very pathos-centric, because how can one not be emotional when dealing with the rights of human beings? It is incredibly important to appeal to those emotions which are very powerful tools in persuasion and can attract the proper earreach and if the emotions are strong enough it can persuade the counters stance too. If you havent figured it out by now, slippery slopes dont usually have much logical sway. Usually, they can be at once dismissed on their face, using sentences like this and like this, Marriage has evolved for the better many times over the years, and will likely evolve even encourage in years to come, are great ways to add a bit of emotional impact on the audience. Also the other sources they use, such as the quote from Andrew Sullivan, help add more emotional impact because what the quotes says.Ethos is as well an integral part of this essay, without credibility then the argument has no foundation and gives the au dience no reason to believe in the author. The major way that the author uses ethos is through the style of their writing, its very academically put together and very formally, which not a lot of essays on this subject on the internet are. There is cited sources and very formal language used you could even say that the authors use of more intellectual vocabulary might also be an additive to their credibility. The citations they use in this article really help with the authors credibility, because they are linked in so if anyone were to try and dispute what was said to be cited they could go directly to the source and that is massive credibility points. Inversely, the lack of too much ethos is also a major part of this essay. If it were to have too much emotionalcontinent not only would it seem less formal thus less credible, it would also turn off those who are apart of the counter to the gay rights movement by making them feel bad or making them angry because the authors use of emo tional content.So in the end it appears as though the slope is not so slippery after all, the counter arguments author failed to recognize how this logical fallacy is almost laughed at when brought to a serious argument. It has no foothold, it basically only existing to exist and should not be taken seriously by anyone with half a brain. It is imperative to realize that opposition only uses this method in a last ditch effort to coax the deep end into believing their side over the other, but its also important that in any argument both side can, and may resort to using this argumentative tactic no matter how fallacious and ignorant it appears. The author made solid, valid, and most importantly, logical points to break down the other argument showing how ridiculous it really was to try and use the slippery slope style.

San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Preserves Expertise with Better Knowledge Management

Case 2 San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Preserves Expertise with Better Knowledge Management 1. What are the business goals of SFPUC? How is knowledge focusing related to those goals? SFPUC is a department of the metropolis and county of San Francisco that provides water, wastewater, and municipal power services to the city.SFPUCs Power division provides electricity to the city and county of San Francisco, including power used to operate electric streetcars and buses the Regional and Local Water departments supply some of the purest drinking water in the world to San Francisco and neighboring Santa Clara and San Mateo counties and the wastewater division handles flushed and drained water to significantly reduce pollution in the San Francisco Bay and Pacific Ocean.The mission of this organization is to provide San Francisco and its Bay discipline customers with reliable, high-quality, affordable water and wastewater treatment while efficiently and responsibly managing hum an, physical, and natural resources. SFPUC met these challenges by implementing a business process management (BPM) and workflow dissolving agent from Interfacing Technologies Corporation to drive change efforts across the organization. The system, called Enterprise Process Center, or EPC, manages knowledge retention and establishes new ways of collaborating, sharing information, and defining roles and responsibilities.EPC solved that bother by creating work order flows for all tasks performed within the organization, defining the employee roles and responsibilities for each. They will not search for files everywhere, just type it in the search box and ane can view it. It makes employees working easier. 2. What were some of the challenges faced by SFPUC? What management, organization, and technology factors were responsible for those challenges?The two study challenges SFPUC faced were successfully capturing, managing, and transferring this knowledge, and maintaining reliability and accountability notwithstanding a large influx of new workers. SFPUC expected that a significant portion of its employeesabout 20 percentwould retire in 2009. To make matters worse, the volume of these positions were technical, which meant that the training of new employees would be more complicated, and maintaining knowledge of the retiring workers would be critical to all areas of SFPUCs business processes. . Describe how implementing EPC improved knowledge management and operational effectiveness at SFPUC. With EPC, SFPUC would be able to maintain continuity from older to newer employees more easy. SFPUC was impressed that the system would span all four of its major divisions, helping to standardize common processes across multiple departments, and that it would be easy to use and train employees. 4. How effective was EPC as a solution for SFPUC?SFPUC management had anticipate that eliminating outdated tasks would have the added effect of keeping employees happy, which wo uld help SFPUCs performance by delaying retirement of older employees and increasing the likelihood that newer hires stayed at the company. EPC allowed employees to provide feedback on various tasks, helping to identify tasks that were most widely disliked. EPC helped SFPUC take its baby boomers individual data and knowledge and turn them into usable and actionable information that was easily shared throughout the firm. SFPUC stayed much further under budget than other comparable governmental organizations.

Nursing Home and Health

Employers have responsibilities to protect the wellness, gumshoe and well-being of exploiters, employees and other people who might be in their organisation. Employers essential(prenominal) do whatsoever it takes to achieve it. This means ensuring that staff and others ar protected from anything that whitethorn cause harm, efficiently controlling any risks to injury or wellness that might repeal in the workplace. It is an obligation for the employers to require health and safety milieu in the workplace and they must take over the policies, legislation and laws which is enforces by the government and local agencies.Employers must take part in determining and identifying hazards and risks in the organisations. They must ensure that all the equipment which are being used to answer users are well checked and confineed the quality to avoid equipment related injuries and hazards. They allow for arrange training for the staffs regarding health and safety in their organisation. T hey impart function of process staffs to increase their knowledge regarding their service and health and safety. They go out do regular risk estimation in the organisation.Managers and supervisors must supervise employees and monitor their work regularly and make ure that employees are following organisations policies and laws correctly. t any statt having some problem or doing something wrong, parcel outrs and supervisor therefore entrust help them to solve the problem or correct them. They will implement health and safety policies and laws in the organisation and monitor procedures and practices regularly. The employees right is to work in a safe and healthy environment which are given by law and normally can not be changed or removed by employer.It is the employees art to follow and maintain the health and safety guidelines and procedures for all ime. They are the responsible to provide health and safety to the users and themselves. They will look for potential harm and hazards and injuries in the workplace and report those right away to managers or supervisor, to take appropriate actions against those matters. Poor knowledge and skills may cause injuries and harm in the workplace for short(p) handling of equipment and tools. Large equipment must slip by out of the way for safety reasons.Equipment and tools must be handling with proper knowledge otherwise it may cause serious harm and injuries to staffs and users. Chemicals and medicines must be kept in secured place which must be locked for all time and only certain people have access to those. Service users also follow the health and safety policies and procedures for themselves to keep them away from potential hazards and dangerous situations. 1. 3 Analyze are the health safety priorities in a workplace. Health and safety policies and procedures play an important role to maintain healthy and good environment in the workplace for users, and role players.It is vital to follow and maintain hea lth and safety policies as it safes eople from harm and injuries and help staffs to accomplish their work on time and increase their efficiency. Healthy and safe environment gives workers the opportunity to do their best as very much as possible. Users and others will feel secure as they are being businessd correctly and given the best quality of service and they do not busy more than or less workplace related accidents and risks. Sometimes billingr has to perform physical works equivalent lifting heavy objects, positioning and transporting/ transferring users.By doing this type of work sustainmentr need concentration about what they are doing or about to do. A slightest mistake in positioning, movements or stepping may cause serious injuries to the users or care workers. Users who is suffering from various problems like visual impairment, hearing and dimension problems and so on. Visual impairment like blurring of vision as people gets older, unable to identify light and c olor and hyperemia, shortsightedness and so on cause burns, bumping to wall or objects, going to the wrong room or place, taking the wrong music and so on. Hearing and balance problem causes fracture and head injuries.Other common accidents of elder peoples are cognitive disorders, osteoporosis, and arthritis and so on. Healthy and safe environment minimise the occurrence of accidents. Authorities are responsible for setting policies, priorities and implementation in the workplace. Employers or home care managers will ensure health and safety for the employees first and then for the users. It is recommended to provide fitting and well ventilated environment in the health and social care setting. All the setting will be properly titted in the health care settings like carpets should not be tolded or wiring must not be in the busy spaces and open.Stocks and documents are properly arranged according to the modus operandi and frequency of use. Warning systems are properly implemente d in the workplace as staff can notice any risk immediately. Staff must be aware of health and safety guidelines. Ignorance of policies will augment health and safety related risk and injuries in the workplace. Any appropriate training must be providing to the staff to use risky equipment. First aid kits will be available in the working area and if any occurrence happens they will take immediate aid for reducing the injury or damage.Support handles and hand rails will be provided sufficiently to those places where people pass more ofttimes or the area with high ossibilities of falls and trips. For preventing slipping rubber mats will be used. There will be emergency evacuation passage in the working place. Cleanliness is very important for health and safety. A novel environment is less vulnerable to get diseases. Food poisoning may happen for poor food sanitation, storage and preparation. Cook must be aware of proper food sanitation and food handling. Toilet, kitchen and public act ivity room must clean and clean regularly.Staff must clean their hands with sanitisation before start their work or serving any users. All kind of waste will be managed and disposed properly. Sharp objects should be placed in puncture resistant containers prior to disposal. By following the above mentioned process it is possible to maintain health and safety in the health and social care workplace. 2. 1 Analyze how information from risk assessment helps in care throwning of a workplace. What is a care visualise? Each user must have they own care plan such as care home, residential care home, hospital and day center.Users care plan will cover Their eligible needs How they would like to achieve their goals They pass life and family members Health develop and medication They diet Any support that carers or other are willing and able to provide, and carers views A risk assessment, including any actions that will be taken to manage risks Who should be contact in case of emergencies Th e name of the person responsible for implementing, monitoring and reviewing the care plan The date of the next review of the care plan The care plan should be reviewed after the first three months, and then at least annually.The review looks at whether the goals that were identified in the care plan are being met. It should also review these goals to make sure they are still ppropriate, and check that any risk assessments are up to date. Risk assessment is a compulsory and essential in the workplace to ensure health and safety. The risk assessment comprises identification of risks and hazards, which is responsible for that and who will be affected by risks and hazards and how to minimise risks and improve the health and safety condition in the workplace.After doing the risk assessment, manager and supervisor will get some useful information which will help them to formulate a plan of care. The purpose of risk assessment is to protect users and care providers trom abuse, harms and ri sks The first step ot risk assessment is to identify the causes, things, situations and practices which may create risk in a working environment. Risks in the workplace are chemical or devices, work environment setup hazards, disorganised wiring, catchy flooring, loose carpets, high stacks of boxes, disorganised stuffs and cluttered pathways and so on.https//donemyessay.com/5-rights-of-nursing-delegation/An expertise or an officer will observe the workplace and identify those substances which may create harm and risk in the workplace. This help to concern staff and avoid those harms and risk occurring in the workplace. The second step is to identify ho are at risk for those hazards. An experienced and skilled person will serve the infected person or who is vulnerable of those risk. Vulnerable persons are exposed minimally or prevented in such a way that they will fall less in injuries or accidents. The third step is to make a plan which is a combination of prevention and solution t o minimise risks in the actual care plans.After making the plan, all the plans are executed and implemented. After the implementation, plans are reviewed regularly and rewrite if necessary. 2. 2 Analyze the impact of health & safety policy on health social care practice and its customers. Healthy and safety working condition is very beneficial to all people who directly and indirectly related to health and social care practice. Health and safety policies have impact on the practice and the institution, the employers, staff and service users.Carer likes to demonstrate their effort and show their best performance in healthy and safe working environment. If employees are free from disease and injuries they are ready to work more and increase their efficiency. Any staff who works in a healthy and safety environment they will do their est to stay in the Job for longer time and they become satisfied. Healthy and safe environment improves the quality of practice as staff is free from haz ards at their working place. Also users become beneficial for health and safety policies practice.Therefore users wont be worried because they are served by safe hands. Users are confident about their health and safety and they feel safe to stay in the health and social care setting. A service user will be at unproblematic to get service from familiar care workers whom he/her knew before. A care worker becomes trustworthy to a service ser and he/her can serve the user for longer period of time. The practice of health and safety is very important for an organisation as it provides healthy and safe environment to the staff, service users and so on.Organisations reckon fewer losses and risks and threats if health and safety policies are practicing properly in the organisation. 2. 3 Explain what are the ethical dilemmas faced by the care worker when ensuring health safety of client. What is a dilemma? It is a situation when someone has difficulty to make a choice between two or more things. Users, families, and carer sometimes face difficult decisions about medical reatments that involve moral principles, religious beliefs, or professional guidelines.Health care ethics is a thoughtful geographic expedition of how to act in the right way and make good choices, based on beliefs and values about life, health, suffering, and death. The most common ethical dilemma arise when a user do not want to take their medicine which is very much important to control their current medical condition. According to the legislation, service users have the right to refuse treatment. They have the right to stop medication at any time they want but it is the care worker duty to prevent etrimental complication in the medication routine.In here, care worker faces ethical dilemmas as users do not want to take medicine and it is their responsibility to portray services to the users to promote health and well-being. Sometimes this kind of situation can leads to serious issues like for no t taking medicine, the user died and a case is filed against the carer. If the care worker forces the user to take the medication, it will break the users rights and it will be consider as abuse. Sometimes users refuse to be cleaned which is very dangerous for them as they seriously njured by open wounds, surgical wounds or ulcers.If the wounds is not properly clean its may cause serious infections. Some users who are having mobility impaired will not take help from carer because they want to be independent. It is the users right to decide either they will take the help or not but it is a big risk. If the user falls in an accident for not taking help from the care worker, care worker may sue for neglecting their work and responsibilities. honourable dilemmas are a complex and diverse issue in health and social care work. Sometimes care workers face some kind f ethical dilemmas when ensuring health and safety of the users.

Prejudice and Discrimination in Philadelphia Essay

Philadelphia is a movie which demonstrates not only the c hoary-blooded and insincere members of corporate society, but the indignities and prejudices that people living with AIDS have to go through. This movie was set in an era when homosexuality was not socially evaluate and not many people were educated on the disease AIDS. Andrew Beckett, a Philadelphia lawyer who has been keeping his homosexuality, and his AIDS, hidden from his conservative bosses. He is a good histrion and is respected in the workplace until one day hes suddenly and inexplicably fired.Andrew suspects AIDS is the reason, and is determined to fight in court, even as he is losing his other battle, against the disease. Beckett hires attorney Joe Miller to represent him. Joe Miller is a homophobe and has to first overcome these fears of gays. Andrew Becketts ex Boss, Charles Wheeler, a sickening, prejudice man who resembles the most revolting corporate boss there is The corporate boss, who pretends to be friends with his coworkers or clients, only to stab them in the back later. He will do only anything to pull in himself and get to the top of the business.At the beginning, Wheeler pretends to be Andys friend, heck he even asks him for legal advice on a special antitrust wooing called foreground vs. Sander Systems. Andy Becketts becomes fired, from the job, once they find out he has aids, but try to make it look he was fired for other reasons. The movie to a fault greatly carrys the prejudices, and misconception people have about aids. Another scene that shows people ignorance and prejudice towards AIDS and homosexuals is the library scene in which Andrew Beckett is conducting research for his AIDS case against the law firm that illegally fired him.The librarian first asks Andy Beckett, if he would be more comfortable in a study room, but thusly it becomes evident that the ignorant librarian is telling not asking Andy Beckett to go to another room because she is uneducated on the dise ase and fears she might catch it. Andrew being, a very proud man, refuses showing his true dignity even while having AIDS. At the time Andrew Becketts lawyer Joe Miller was there and saw this happening, although he was hiding behind a pile of books.He realised Andrew needed him to help protect his rights. The lawyer took the book Andy was holding out of his hand to show the librarian he was not afraid getting the disease by touching something Andrew had touched. During the court case, Joe Miller brings up the point of homosexuality against Andrews old company in defence, he brings up the points of how society dont accept AIDS and homosexuals. In the end Andrew and Joe win the case and get bills in damages, although Andrew is dying, he is happy to see that they won the case and raised awareness of AIDS.

Concept of HRD Essay

Dhanesh Auto Inc. has been a major spherical manufacturer of automotive product. In December 2002, Lumax Industries acquired it. Headlight, side indicator and brakelight be among their leading products. One of the ch both(prenominal)enges that both the former Dhanesh Auto Inc. and the present Lumax Industries have faced is the fact that over half of their employees not regional employees. Lumax Industries executives recognised that in that location was a need for more company leaders with global expertise, as Lumax Industries then became a publicly traded company in February 2004. They wanted executives with expertise rivaling issues in more than one country. They excessively wanted leaders who could help promote a Seamless organization, that is, an organization that had fewer boundaries between functions, business units and countries.Dhanesh auto had already established an executive waxment program that it called the Business Leadership Program (BLP). This program was aimed at developing the top one percent of promot sufficient employees. The BLP addressed issues much(prenominal) as global strategy, leading style and behaviour, culture and organization capabilities. The program used various techniques during the formal training portion, including lectures, discussions, single(a) projects, case studies, and team make interactions. thither was also an action learning module, where trainees worked on actual issues that the company was currently facing. Approximately thirty-five batch at a time went finished the BLP unconscious process.An assessment made by Lumax senior managers was that, in general, Lumax management did not have the level of global competency that was required to manage their increasingly global corporation. In particular, the companys succession planning process had identified a sufficient gap between the global skills required and those possessed by their top managers. This led them to refocus their Global Leadership Program (G LP). This was also connected to their performance appraisal, professional development, and succession managerial management process.Questions If you were part of the leadership development team at Lumax, what type of global issues would you like to see emphasised in the new GLP? What types of training methods do you think might be appropriate for training top managers and executives? Why? Are there other things that you would include in addition to formal training?Increasingly more grandness is given to people in organizations. This is mainly because organizations ar realising of all assets. This emphasis can also be partly attributed to the new emerging values of secular humanism and humanisation. Moreover with the increased emphasis on creativity, and autonomy, which people are increasingly acquiring and enjoying in the society, the expectations of people are fast changing. concourse cannot be interpreted for granted any more.If you said yes to any of the above questions, you h ave been involved in some form of human resource development. Organisation of all types and sizes, including schools, retail stores, government agneices, restaurants, and manufacturesrs have al least one thing in common they must employ competent and motivated workers.The concept of HRD was officially introduced by Leonard Nodler in 1969 in a conference organised by the American Scoiety for Taining and Development. Leonard Nodler defined HRD as, those learning experiences which are organised, for a specific time, and designed to select play the possibility of behavioural changes.Definitions A comprehensive definition of a term provide clear understanding and scope of the subject.HRDs main concern is the development of skill and abilities, knowledge and competencies of employees/ people.1. According to TV Rao A process by which the employees of an arrangement are helped in a continuous mean way of life to i)acquire and sharpen capabilities required to perform various function s associated with their present or expected future roles. ii)develop their general capabilities as individual and discover and exploit their own emfs for OD. iii)development an organisation culture.In HRD employees of an organisation are helped / motivated to acquire knowledge and competencies.2. According to TN Chabbra HRD is a continuous process to ensure the development of employee competencies, dynamics, demand and effectiveness in a bodyatic and planned ways.3. According to Jon M. Werner HRD can be defined as a set of systematic and planned activities designed by an organisation to provide its members with the opportunities to learn necessary skills to meet current and future job demands.4. According to Jennifer Joy and David Megginson HRD is the term we use to describe an integrated and holistic, witting and proactive approach to changing work-related knowledge and behaviour, using a range of learning strategies and techniques.HRD activities should begin when an employee jo ins an organsiation and continue throughout his or her career, regardless of whether that employee is an exceutive or a worker on an assembly line, HRD programs must respond to job changes and integrate the long-term plans and strategies of the organisation to ensure the efficient and effective use of resources.Features of HRDOn the undercoat of the above definitions, important featues of HRD may be summarised thusa.HRD is a system It is a system having several interdependent parts or subsystems such as procurement, appraisal, development etc. Change in any one subsystem leads to changes in other parts. For example, if there is a change in the promotion policy where high status is replaced with merit, the chain reactions on affected individuals, unions shall have to be assessed keeping the difficulties in framing acceptable guidelines regarding merit in mind. b.HRD is a planned process It is a planned and systematic way of developing people. Further, it is undertaken on a continu ous basis. education, as we all know, is a life-long process and goes on and on. c.HRD involves development of competencies Basically it tries to develop competencies at four levels.At the individual level, employees are made to realise the importance of playing their roles in tune with overall goals and expecitations of other people (regarding such roles). By enriching and redesigning jobs, the roles of employees are made more meaningful and interesting. At the interpersonal level, more stress is laid on developing relationships based on trust, arrogance and help. At the group level, task forces, cross functional teams are created to cement inter-group realtions. At the organisational level, the organisation is made to nurture a development modality, where every effort is made to harnes human potential while meeting organisational goals. d.HRD is an interdisciplinary concept HRD is an amalgamation of various ideas concepts, principles and practices drawn from a number of soft sc iences.e. Learning is at the core of all HRD efforts.Four agents of development (i) The person or role (ii) the immediate boss of the person (Dyad) (iii) HR Department (Group) (iv) the organisation.There are many strands to HRD, e.g., Personal developemnt development for a current job on situation development in or for new work settings activites through which individual and organisational goals may be reconciled and development leading to a better, fuller life for individuals, organisations and wider communities. In a way broad sense HRD may also be seen as the capacity to incorporate learning into behaviour.ACTIVITY CREATE YOUR OWN DEFINITION OF HRDTake a few moments to think about your own position and scope for HRD by defining what HRD means to you. Start by writing gracious Resource Development in the centre of a landscape page, draw ten radiating lines and attach to each one a key word or short phrase you associate with the quarrel in the centre. It can be illuminating to co mpare your own result with that of colleagues. What proportion you think you will have in common? _________________________________________________________________HRD Goals and BeliefsThe goal of HRD system is to developthe capabilities of each employee as an individual the capabilities of each individual in relation to his or her present role the capabilities of each employee in relation to his or her expected future role(s). the dyadic relationship between each employee and his or her employer the team spirit and functioning in every organisational unit collaboration among contrary units of the organization the organizations overall health and self-renewing capabilities, which in turn, increase the enabling capabilities of individuals, dyads, teams and the entire organization.The basic philosophy of HRD is based on certain beliefs.BELIEFSHuman beings are capable of enlargement. Even ordinary mortals can produce extraordinary results. Common men can do uncommon things. Trust them, give them a chance and leave them on their own, with occasional help wherever needed. They not only grow but also help the organization realise its goals and progress. There will be amazing improvements in production, productivity and quality.Human resources are the most important assets in the organization. Human resources can be developed to an oceanic extent. Two plus two could be five, six or ten. A levelheaded organisational clime (openness, trust, collaboration) is essential for developing human resources. HRD can be planned and implemented to benefit both individuals and organizations. If the organization is able to inculcate a spirit of belongingness in its employees, they will be more loyal and committed.To ensure this healthy feeling, the organization has to provide for their basic as well as higher order needs through appropriate management styles and systems. The commitment of employee increases when he / she is able to find opportunities to use his / her potential while at work. The managers must clear the paths, create a development climate and help employees realise their full potential. The higher the level of the manager the more attention should be paid to the HRD function in order to ensure its effectiveness. The maintenance of a healthy working climate and the development of its human resources are the responsibilities of every organization.Why HRDHRD is needed by any organization that wants to grow continuously in the fast changing milieu organizations can scale new heights only through the effective and efficient use of human resources. Appropriate personnel policies help maintain employee motivation and morale at a high level, but this alone may not help the organization succeed success and venture into new fields. To this end, employee capabilities must be continually trained, developed and expanded. The employees must be encouraged to take risks, experiment, innovate and make things happen in an atmosphere of mutual trust, goodw ill and cooperation. People need competencies to perform tasks. Higher degree and quality of performance of tasks requires higher levels or degrees of skills. Without continuous development of competencies in people, an organization is not likely to achieve its goals. Competent and motivated employees are essential for organizational survival, growth and excellence.BENEFITS OF HRD1.HRD improves the capabilities of people. They become innovative and enterprising-ever eager to take the risk and get ahead. It improves the all round growth of an employee. Feedback and guidance from superiors help employees grow continually and show superior performance.2. HRD improves team work. Employees become more open and trust each other. The organizational climate too, improves a lot.3.HRD leads to greater organizational effectiveness. Appropriate employee-centred policies help the organization achieve the goals more efficiently.4.Performance related rewards help employees realize the importance o f utilizing their skills fully in the receipts of organizational goals. The organizations overall health and self-renewing capabilities, too, improve quite significantly.HRD MATRIXThe HRD matrix shows the interrelationships between HRD instruments, processes, outcomes and organizational effectiveness.a.HRD instruments These include performance appraisal, counselling, role analysis, potential development, training, communication policies, job rotations, rewards, job enrichment programmes, etc. These instruments may vary depending on the size of the organization, the internal environment, the support and the commitment of the top management, the competitive policies, etc.b.HRD process The HRD instruments led to the generation of HRD of processes like role clarity, performance planning, development climate, risk-taking, and dynamism in employees. Such HRD processes should result in more competent, satisfied and committed people that would make the organization grow by contributing the ir best to it.c.HRD outcomes HRD instruments and processes make people more c ommitted and satisfied, where they tend to give their best to the organization enthusiastically.d. organisational effectiveness Dimensions such HRD outcomes influence the organizational effectiveness, which in turn, depends on a number of variables like environment, technology, competitors, etc.

International Marketing Peugeot

The current st straddlegy of Peugeot towards voltaic cars is clear this is a clean exponential function grocery where there atomic number 18 a lot of market sh ars to gain. The motives of the union for globalization stub be divided Into two polar liberal of motives which are the proactive and the reactive motivations * Increase the cabbages and realize economies of scale Gain new market shares * Improve its global vision and its brand image * permeate a new market with a lot of opportunities * Find an alternative to the precise competitive french market which has less opportunities for car makers.Moreover, Californians are already aware of these new technologies which are well seen and appreciate. The launch of electric cars in North the States could be a great opportunity for Peugeot, because it represents a new way of cars and its becoming one of the main preoccupation of everyone who is preoccupied by the energy crisis ND the high price of oil. The second reactive mo tive concerns profit and growth goals going on a strange market such as North America is a good way to increase boodle and to make economies of scale.To launch its new car, Peugeot must take in get hold ofation some other factors. In order to take the right decisions, the conjunction allow prevail to select the close to adapted way to penetrate the green vehicles market the acquisition method, the direct enthronement, the licensing, Joint venture technique or unaccompanied if merchandiseing. Each method has strengths and weaknesses but Peugeot Company has to find the en which will allow to increase profits while achieving economies of scale. This map shows us where Peugeot factories around the world. The most critical barriers are the politic and stinting ones.Ameri kitty car manufacturers are helped by the U. S government. This can be very difficult for foreign companies such as Peugeot to be as competitive as companies as General Motors for example. This is about prote ctionism as the United States have a policy which favors US companies rather than foreign companies. The second politic barrier is the problem of legislation which is not the same in France and in America. Moreover, the car must be adapted to the American rules and norms. Concerning the scotch barrier, the most important is the problem of currency.Actually, if Peugeot chooses the exportation way to penetrate the market, the production would be in Euros and the sales in Dollars. That could be a problem in the accountancy, and a problem of higher costs of production than cost of goods sold. Moreover, the understanding of the distribution network in the United States will be another study barrier for Peugeot. They do have experience in exchange cars abroad, they do export their cars in many countries across the world. However, the US market is quite different from other countries as no French manufacturer is currently exporting to the United States except Budgets with its luxurious car.Question 2 Examine the companys international competitiveness at the macro, mess The Peugeot international competitiveness consists in the three following levels the macro, mess and micro levels. For the macro level, well use the ostiarius Diamond to analyze Peugeot national competitiveness. Then, the Porter Five Forces analysis will help us to analyze the competition in the car industry at the mess level. To finish, he Porter appraise chain will examine strengths and weaknesses of Peugeot on the micro level environment of the company.Macro Level In the car industry the factor conditions represent infrastructure, plants and human resources. Since the crisis in 2008, the French car industry has suffered from a decline in economic activity. Moreover, the cost of one hour of work in France being very high, the economic situation has not meliorated the competitiveness of Peugeot. Concerning the demand, the customers and the public opinion is concerned about cars quality and the respect of the environment. People have higher expectations doodads than in the past. That permits to our French car maker to reach new markets and to gain new market shares. . .. .. .. .. Related and supporting industries show a vertical and horizontal integration in the French car industry, with suppliers and distributors present mainly in the European area. These networks are well distributed in the Europe. . About firm strategy, structure and rivalry, the French market is highly competitive with French manufacturers such seepages (the leader) or Citroen as well as foreign competitors such as Toyota, Fiat, BMW, Moreover, Chance is about external events which can affect the car industry economy.Many factors can have an impact on the number of car sold. For example, the high price of oil in France does not uphold people to buy a new car. More chance can generate important issues in the car industry, like unemployment, passing of money and loss of investments. New entrants 2 The r isk of new entrants is low because car industry requires high investments and high technology to compete on the market. Its a very inflexible challenge for a new competitors to enter this market but it is not impossible as big brand can invest in his attention such as in China for example where all the car makers are going.Buyers 4 The buyers power is very important as they have very high expectations, concerning quality and techniques. Moreover, even if cars are one of the main things that makes up an economy, if people have not money they will not buy cars. Suppliers 4 Suppliers do not have a very important power of negotiation but they keep an important power as they can redact pressure on delivery delays, which can be very difficult for the car company to handle. Moreover, the production depends on those suppliers.Substitutes 1 Substitute of cars doesnt have a real impact or even doesnt really exist except common transports such as the train or the airplane but it can not really be considered as substitutes. Peugeot is one of the main competitor on the French market. The company is focused on the middle-range target. Peugeot already have an international strategy as they are present in Asia, South America and Europe. To penetrate the American market, Peugeot should benchmark it, with analyzing which competitors he would have to face, but also with highlight the difference of habits and knowledge.Thanks to this benchmark, theyll be able to have a global picture of the American market. The difference of habits in the USA is also a factor to consider as American customers dont have maybe the same expectations in terms of power, comfort, etc. Its undeniable for Peugeot to have the big picture of what customers are expecting from these new kind of cars. Question 3 What economic and political barriers would impact the export of cars to the US? It will be not easy for Peugeot to be competitive with other US car maker which produces electric cars as well on their own market.Regarding the political barrier, rules and norms, which has to be adapted in order to fit the American market. Then, the economic barrier deals with the problem of currency. This raises the problem of cost of production for Peugeot in case if they export electric cars in USA. Indeed, the difference amidst Euros and Dollars is not for the benefit of Peugeot as they will have a higher cost of production compared to cost of goods sold in the American market. Question 4 What influence would culture have on the international marketing strategy? Use the models of Hefted and Hall as points of referenceThe culture is very influent in the internationalization strategy the company shrewd a new market has to know the culture of the country, of the people and also how to manage it to make of this culture a positive point, and not something going against the company Power of distance hierarchy is very present in the United States which makes the distance more than important. A notion of distance is kept when people chat to you. Uncertainty avoidance uncertainty is not common in the US, people dont like uncertainty. Something which has been planned, for an agenda for example, has to be followed.Individualism the concept of individualism is very present in the USA and comes with social success and material wealth. Masculinity More and more managers or directors are women, even if it depends on the field of activity. Masculinity used to be very strong a few years ago but now its changing. The United States culture would be positioned in the Low-context part in the Halls model. When talk to somebody, the communication and the sense of self and space are more informal compared to other developed countries. The way of managing business, hierarchy, etc. Is part of this low-context.The American culture is more likely to be low context, as business is business, everything and everybody is direct moreover when you talk about money. Question 5 What type of mar ket debut modes should the French car manufacturer consider? Explain your reasons The first thing to do is to show the different types of market entry modes that Peugeot can consider in order to launch an electric car in the United States. Then, we The exportation Peugeot already experiences this system as they have a lots of factories in France and ecumenical (eastern Europe, Asia, South America CBmap ).If Peugeot choose this solution to penetrate the US market it means that they will have to produce cars in France or someplace else in the world and then export these cars to the United States. In the same time, Peugeot will not support high costs of idealization. The only costs associated to exportation are transportation, insurance for this transport, the exchange rate and import tax. Moreover, transport implies many risks of delays for example. A Joint venture Peugeot could create a Joint venture with an US car manufacturer like Chevrolet or Cadillac for example.That means tha t the two companies would have to create a new many that both companies share. This would enable the French company to penetrate the market easier as car industry in the United States are under State protection. Direct investment (FAD) or acquisition Peugeot could exact assets in the United States with this method (plants, equipment, etc. ) and produce electric cars directly in the country where they will be sold. This solution solves the problem of exchange rate because as car will be produced in dollars and sold in dollars as well, there will not have fluctuations between currencies.Moreover, Peugeot will be able to control the chain from the ginning to the end, reducing manufacturing costs and delays. Licensing Peugeot also have the possibility to use licensing, which means the licensor sell the right to use intellectual quality such as production techniques, patents, trademark, drawings (intangible property). This indirect way of penetrating the US market has the advantage of requiring little investment with a high return on investment. The strategic alliance with a licensee could be the opportunity for Peugeot to enter this market without major issues.But Peugeot could lost revenues coming from manufacturing and marketing activities, for the benefit of the licensee. To conclude, Peugeot can choose between those 4 types of market entry modes exportation, Joint venture, direct investment or acquisition and licensing. Exportation would be a bad choice if Peugeot Just wants to export its electric car to the United States. There are still too many risks regarding the fluctuations between euros and The better option for Peugeot is to consider the foreign direct investment or acquisition method as a real way to penetrate the market.This would allow Peugeot to control all the operation while getting encompassing(prenominal) to the consumers and knowing better the competitive environment. Even if it requires a high level of resources from the French company, th e investment would be profitable as there is a considerable potential for electric cars in the coming years. Question 6 What would be the restrictions of acquisition as an entry strategy? The acquisition method can be risky as it requires a lot of investments to buy a new entity. If Peugeot doesnt have sufficient funds available, they can receive money from investors by selling shares for example.It may be also possible to raise funds or to issue stock options to get cash vastly. Moreover, there is a management limitation because everything would be engaged from France even if they hire American managers and it can be an issue to consider. Question 7 Describe the International Product Lifestyle and its implications for the electric / hybrid car models? There are 5 main steps in each product life cycle. Lets analyze them concerning the electric cars Development mannequin The time taken by innovation and Search Development to concept, design and create an electric car.Introduction stage When Peugeot first electric car was presented in 2010 with the ion car. issue when it starts to be produced and sold for the mass market. Decline When others competitors enter the market and take market shares or offer a better product. Peugeot is still in the excogitation phase because the company Just started to sell its electric cars in France to rental cars company. They didnt decide yet to launch the product on the market but it should be launched in 2012. Question 8 Explain how exchange rates and inflation may affect the way you price the product?The exchange rates are quite interesting for France right now but Peugeot should be careful because the buying power is less important in America than in France as the Euro is stronger than the dollar. The price must be lower than the one in euros. Concerning the inflation, it could affect the price because it would mean an increase of the production costs of the raw materials that are necessary for the electric car productio n. Inflation could also increase the unit price for a car which can be dangerous towards the customers.Question 9 Explain how in-person selling may differ in the US from how it is used in France? Personal selling is an oral communication like a speech which happens when a salesman face a potential customer. In France, you let the customer act as he feels, you dont disturb him in the shop enter whereas in America you must keep taking care of him. If youre not, he feels less important and can decide to leave and buy no car and it would be only because of a failure in the personal selling.Question 10 What type of international marketing controls will the company require? Peugeot will have to use the benchmarking in order to compare performance against its other international competitors which sells also electric cars. Key areas are design, battery life, space and reliability. Peugeot will be able to improve its cars performance and features thanks to analyzing selective information fr om competitors and customers expectations. Finally, we can say that the United States has a great potential for electric.Peugeot just started to sell its electric car in France and it would be reasonable form the company to wait until the end of 2012 to launch a car on the American market. Thats why Peugeot must benchmark and study a lot the American habits, culture, legislation and economy, to see if they have a chance to succeed in this particular sector and country. Bibliography http//www. Peugeot. FRR http//www. Euros. FRR http//www. ornamented. Com Google pictures Peugeot annual report My own data as I did an internship in a Peugeot shop two years ago.